Control method and apparatus



NOV. 24, 1931. c, HARRISON 1,833,077

CONTROL METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed July '7, 1924 czauenfor MM 6.

WM QM dim-1w;

' though the temperature is approaching its Patented Nov. 24, 193i UHIBALD c. nrson', or AND 1 orricr.

vinemm, assrenon no man snow in- S'I'RUMENT COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYDVANM C(IBN'LEUL METHOD AND APPARATUS @ri'ginal application filed July 7 1924,

My invention relates to automatic control methods and apparatus therefor.

More particularly, my invention relates to methods of and apparatus foicontrolling various conditions lation of temperature and the like.

Maintenance of conditions such as'furnace' temperature at predetermined values has been heretofore obtained by control appara tus which operate periodically and in 'response to departure of temperature or condition from the predetermined value and actuate a condition varying agent to bring a temperature or condition back to the predetermined value. v I In adjusting a heat energy supply or a condition varying agent responsive to such devi ations from the desired temperature or condition, the control apparatus as heretofore" ordinarily arranged continues to make corrections to the condition varying agent as long as the temperature or condition is ofi the normal or predetermined value even cracking stills wherein it is required that the temperature he maintained very 'close to the desired temperature at all times in order to I produce a uniform grade of gasoline.

In one method which has been developed for overcoming hunting the control apparatus is so practised as to make heat supply corrections of smaller amounts than is necessary to restore the furnace to the normal temperature condition. By providing long intervals between each correction so as to permit .the temperature to again become stabilized for the new rate of fuel supply before making the such as for example, regufrom normal than is per-V tam a. con

succeeding corrections, overshooting of the temperature is prevented- This hasthe disadvantage, however, of being very slow, and therefore of maintaining the temperature ofi normal for long periods of time and is there Serial No. 724,630. Divided and this applicationfiled November 16,1927. Scria11to.233,727. J

fore notvpractical in relations where corrections of the temperature must be made as quickly as possible after thee-temperature" varies from the predetermined value This method of hunting elimination has therefore substantially the same disadvantage as hunting itself. v

Various other methods, and mechanisms have been developed 'to minimize hunting.

One type of prior mechanism predetermines the rate .of return to normal by the employment' of an escapement device. In such ar rangements, an estimate is made of the approximate for a rate 0 fuel supply and the escapement mechanism operated to establish a predetermined its excessive complication in structureand rate of returnv of the temperature I of approach 'normal in anefi'ort to prevent overshooting the-normal. A serious disadvantage of such arrangements is operation. Such mechanism is not only in volved and complicatedpbut generally sub ject to the inherent disadvantages of being less flexible on account'ofthe return to normal taking place at a predetermined rate.

I have invented a simple and effective apparatus forfulfilli ng the required conditions without the employment of morecomplicated I and expensive apparatus which may more,"

readily get out of order. In order, to mainmined' value. not only must the corrections be made inaccordance with the-extent of departure of the condition from a predetermined value but also in ccordance with the directions to-which the condition is deviating, that'is away from or towards normal condition. A condition such which has deviated from normal but is gradually approaching the normal value, may at fuel supply whereas if the temperature is off normal to the same extent and tends to remain soar to vary still further from the l ormal, achangevin the heat energy supply is ition accuratelyjat a predeter as temperature tain this value withoutany further change of the I have found it possible to so arrange control apparatus that selective operations are large correction is carried out in accordance with the direction of deviation of a controlled condition with relation to a predetermined or normal value, that a control can be obtained'in which a i made when the condition is drifting away from the predetermined value and a comparatively smaller correction is made when the condition is drifting toward normal and at the same timemaking the corrections in accordance with the same extent of deviation from normal. The correction accordinglv. depends not only on the extent of deviation but also on whether the drift is from or towards the predetermined value at the instant the correction is made. It will be noted further that the return to normal is not predetermined and bound by 'guished from .parture an escapement return, but is entirely dependent upon the conditions existing at the time of the operation. The control apparatus .functions in a variable manner depending entirely on the rate of approach, as distinthe escapement return mechanism which returns at a predetermined rate.

Accordingly, an object of my invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for selectively controlling a condition in accordance withthe direction of movement or drift of a deflecting member either away from or towards a neutral position.

Another object of my invention is to provide means for varying a supply of heat energy in accordance with the extent of defrom a predetermined temperature and in accordance with the direction of temperature variations.

I have found that as the deflecting member of a galvanometer control mechanism will either be moving further from its neutral position, remaining fixed, or moving towards its neutral position, when deviations of the controlled condition occur in accordance with'whether the condition moves away from its predetermined value, remains fixed or moves towards its predetermined value, selective corrections can be made not only in accordance with the extent of deflection but also in accordance with the direction of movement of the deflecting member. Therefore another object of my invention is to provide means for providing a selective control mechanism in accordancewith the direction of movement of a deflecting member from or towards its neutral position.

Another object of my invention is to provide means for controlling a condition varyadaptable to processes in ing agent differently when a deflecting member is moving-away from than when it is moving towards its neutral position.

Still another object of the invention is to render the deflecting member periodically operative.

Other objects of my invention are such as may be attained by a utilization of the various combinations,subcombinations and principles hereinafter set forth and as defined by the terms of the appended claims.

As shown in the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagram of the circuits and control apparatus employed in carrying out one form of my invention.

Figure 2 is a diagram of the circuits and apparatus for a simple control operation.

Figure 3 is a diagram of modified circuits and apparatus for carrying out my invention.

Referring to Figure 1, a novel form of motorcont'rol-i's provided which-may be used to regulate valves in'response to pressure variations or temperature changes and which is which appreciable time elapses from the operation of the valve controlling motor and the time when the change takes place.

A deflecting arm member 1 is arranged to be deflected in accordance with a variation from a predetermined condition of pressure or temperature in any well known manner as for example under control of a galvanometer operated by currents from a thermocouple in combinations with a periodic member as illustrated in application Serial No. 48,687, filed August 6, 1925.

Mounted for rotation about the axis of rotation of arm 1 but movable independently thereof is a disk 2. A set of teeth 3 is cut into the periphery of disc 2 and mesh with a drive worm A which in turn is driven by a well known type of reversing motor 5.

Supported on disc 2 are contacts 6 and 7 which are arranged to be engaged by arm 1 when the pressure or temperature being measured varies from a predetermined value to deflect arm 1. Contacts 8 and 9 are secured to fixed supports (not shown) adjacent to disc 2 and in position to be engaged respectively by contacts 6 and 7 when disc 2 is rotated by motor 5. Arm 1 is connected by conductor 12 to one terminal of battery 13. The other terminal of battery 13 is connected by a conductor 14 to terminals of elec tromagnetic switches or relays 15, 16, 17 and 18. The remaining terminals of these relays are connected respectively by conductors 19, 20, 21 and 22 to contacts 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Relay 15 closes a circuit when energized, through its armature 23 from conductor 24 of a power line, through its front contact, conductor 25 through the motor 5 to the other power supply conductor 26, causing motor 5 to rotatedisc 2 in counter clockwise direction.

Relay 16, closes a circuit when energized, through its armature 27, from supply conductor 2d, conductor 28, motor 5, and conductor 26, causing motor 5 to rotate disc 2 in a 5 clockwise direction.

w rection; Relay 18 controls a circuit Relay 1? closes a circuit, when energized, through its armature 29 from line c onductor 30, conductor 31, 111010132, and-linefconductor 33 causing rotation of motor 32 in one dithrough itsarmature from line conductor 30,? conductor 35, motor. 32 and line conductor 33, causing a reverse rotation of motor 32. Motor 32 may operate a valve or the like.

With the parts in the position shown in ,Figure 1, the system is balanced and no movement ofthe motors occur. In order to illustrate the operations, it will be assumed that the temperature deviates from a predetermined value as for example drops below the desired value; As a result of this drop in temperature, ment with'contact 3 on disc 2 in any well known manner as illustrated in the above mentioned application.

' Upon engagement of contact 6 by arm an energizing circuit is completed for ma net 15;which in turn closes the circuit for motor 5 through armature 23. Motor 5 will,

-now rotatedisc 2 counter-clockwise carrying contact 3 into engagement with contact 8 and completing the circuit to energize magnet 17.

0 will engage the lower Energizati onof magnet 17 closes the circuit 'for rnotor32, causing rotation of the valve (not shown) controlled by motor 32 in a direction to increase'the rate of fuel supply.

The rotation of motor 5 will continue until a the contact 6 is disengaged fmm arm 1,

breaking the circuits of magnets 15 and 17. Th is,-itwill be noted, depends on the extent of movement of arm 1. If there has been a wide deviation of the temperature from normal, the armrl wil move a considerable distance over contact 6 and the above described circuits for magnets 15 and 17 will remain closed for a comparatively long time before the disc 2 is rotated a sufficient distance to break the circuit. On the other hand, should the temperature variations be slight, arm 1 edge of contact 6 and the circuits will be broken shortly after motor 5 starts rotating the disc.

Magnets 15 and '17 will then be deenerqgized opening the circuits of motors 5 and 32, respectively and stopping the rotation thereof.

The rate of fuel supply will now be changed but untilthe temperature responds to this change, contact 6, will remain in engagement with contact 8.. As the temperature responds, arm 1 will move back to its normal position shown and will engage contact 7 which is now inthe neutral position of arm 1 due to the rotations of disc 2. This completesthe circuit for-magnet or switch 16 arm 1 is shifted into engagewhich will energize and close the circuit for motor 5 through its armature 27 for rotating the motor in the reverse direction from that described above which rotates disc 2 clockwise.

This rotation of motor 5 will continue while motor 32 remains atrest until the disc '2 is restored to the position shown. If the temperature does not continue to rise after it has reached its predetermined value, the arm 1 will remain in its neutral position and as disc 2 is restored to its neutral position, the circuit for magnet 16 is broken and in time the motor circuit is opened. Motor 5 therefore comes to a stop. L If, however, the temperature continues to rise and arm 1 is moved to follow in engageinent with ..contact 7 ,--the circuit for magnet 16 continues closed and the motor 5 continues to rotate. When this occurs disc 2 will be rotated to thepositionwhere contact 7 will engage lined contact 9 pausing energization of magnet 18 and'a reversal of'rotation of motor 32. The reversal of motor 32 will continue' until contact 9 is disengaged from arm 1 and will through: operation of the fuel.

ply, with the resultant drop in temperature causing an upward movement of arm 1.

It will be noted that motor 32 will be operated step by step and the length of the steps or intervals of rotation varying with the extent of deflection of arm 1 from the balanced or zero position. The amount of fuel supply correction made through the valves by motor 32 will accordingly vary with the amount of deviation in temperature from the desired value. By causing each step to apply a correction in proportions suflicient to br1ng the arm 1 back to the zero position, the desired temperature may be closely maintained. It should be noted that due to the rotation of disc 2, the same deviation of arm 1 W111 produce diflerent changes in the fuel supply depending on whether the arm is mov1n g to- Wards or away from the neutral position. With the parts as shown, a predetermined deviation of the temperature will cause a fixed operation of motor 32. Due, however, to the rotation of disc 2, the circuit for motor 32 will be broken earlier and the change in self may be under control of these two magnets or motor 5 can also be arranged to con trol the valves. Since the operation of magnets 15 and 16 are dependent not only on the extent of deflection of arm 1 but also its direction of movement, a'selective control is thus obtained which depends not only on the extent of temperature variations but also upon whether the temperature is rising or falling.

Although relays have been indicated to control the motor circuits, it will be understood by a galvanometer arrangement controlled by temperature or pressure variations in a furnace and that various forms of reversing motors are adaptable for use in the system.

In processes where the response to change in fuel supply is rapid, as in the case of comparatively small furnaces, a simpllfie'cl control arrangement maybe utilized. Such an arrangement is shown in Figure 2. The mo- I tor 5 and rotating disc 2 are elnnmated and magnets or switches 17 and 18 control motor 32 in the manner set forth to regulate the rate of fuel supply. Fixed contacts 8 and 9 are adapted to be engaged by arm 1 which will complete circuits from battery 13 to relay 17 or 18 depending upon whether contact 8 or 9 is engaged. Arm 1 may be actuated in any convenient manner as by temperature or by pressure variations referred to above.

As shown, arm 1 is secured to a pivotally movable coil 36 of a g'alvanometer and is arranged for movement between thomagnetic poles 37 and 38. The coil 36 may be actuated by a spring tending tourge arm 1 to one side or the other. An energizing circuit for coil 36 includes battery 13 a high resistance conductor 40 and thermocouple 41. The thermocouple 41 measures a temperature in a furnace.

In operation, when a balanced condition exists the galvanometer circuit is such as will cause sntlicient current to flow to hold arm 1 centrally between contacts 8 and 9 against the spring tension. A decrease in temperature will cause adecrease of current generated by the thermocouple. Arm 1 will" then move under the intluenceof the coil spring into engagement with contact 8 causing energization of magnet 17 and a corresponding rotation of motor 32 to increase the rate of fuel supply. Motor 32 will continue to rotate until arm 1 is returned to the balanced or zero position. As in this form, the response in the furnace to the change in fuel supply is rapid when. the proper temperatureis obtained, arm 1 will disengage either contacts 8 and 9 and be positioned between them.

In a similar manner, when the temperature rises above the desired value, the flow of current will increase in the galvanometer cir-' cuit. Arm 1 will then engage contact 9 and cause energizatlon of magnet 18 which Wlll cause rotation of motor 32 todecrease the rate of fuel supply. It will be seen that as soon as any deviation of temperature occurs, motor 32 will be set into operation to restore the proper relative values.

In Figure 3, a'modified form of'control is disclosed for utilization where itis desired to establish a definite timing between cor- 'recting steps. This form is useful in instances jwhere a comparatively long time elapses between a change of fuel supply and corresponding temperature effect in the furnace. A, timing control is accordingly introduced. Arm 1 is secured to coil 36 and actu; ated by the galvanometer arrangement as set forth in connection with Figure 2.

Secured to arm 1 and properly insulated therefrom, are contacts 43 and 44. Mounted forrotation on the axis of movement of arm 1. but mova'ble independently of arm 1 is a member 47,provided with a toothed rack extension 48 and arms 49 and 50 formed integrally therewith. Worm 4 driven by motor 5 meshes with and drives rack 48 together with arms 49 and 50. a

Contacts 51 and/52 are secured to arm 49 and insulated therefrom and'contacts 53 and 54 are secured to arm 50 andinsulated therefrom. Contacts 55, 5.6, 57 and 58 are secured to fixed supports and positioned to be engaged by contacts51, 52, 53 and 54 respectively as arms'49 and 50 are rotated to the right or left bythe action of motor'5. Contacts 51 and 54 are conneetedby conductor 59 to one terminal of the armature winding of mot-or 5. Contacts 52 and 53 are connected by conductor 60 to the other terminal of motor 5. The field terminals 61 and 62 of motor 5 are permanently connected to a source of electrical energy. Contact'55 is connected directly to one armature terminal of motor 32 y by conductor 63 and contact 57 is connected by conductors 64 through contact 65 of an armature 66 to the other armature terminal of motor 32. The field of motor 32 is connected permanently to a supply of electrical energy by leads 67 and 68.

Armature 66 is pivotally mounted at 69 and is actuated by a spring 70 and ,a magnet 71. Magnet 71 is connected by a conductor 72 inseries through armature 73 of a relay 74 and time switch 75. to the opposite poles of an electrical supply source. A rotating cam "76 or any other suitable means is utilized to arm 1 will be in the zero position shown in Figure 3. Asmagnet 71 is energized, contacts 65 and 78 will be interrupted and line potential will be applied to conductors 83. and 84 by contacts 79 and 80 but the energizing circuits of motors 5 and, 32 are open at contacts 65 and78 and no operation of the motors can occur. 1

If the temperature drops below the predetermined value, arm 1 will deflect tofthe right, causing contacts 43 and 44 to apply line potential to contacts 51 and 52. As soon there after as magnet 71 deenergizes, armature 66 will close contacts 65 and 78 and motor '5 will receive armature current over a circuit including battery conductor 45, contact 43, in "engagement with contact 51, conductor 59.

the motor armature and conductor 60 to contact 52, in engagement with contact 44 back to the other side of batterythrough relay 74 and over conductors 77a and 46. Motor 5 will rotate in a direction to move arms 49 and 50 to the right causing contacts 51 and 52 to engage contacts 55 and 56 respectively, while contacts 43 and 44 are still in engagement with contacts 51 and 52. F

..Energy is now supplied to motor 32 from the battery over conductor 45, contact 43, contact 51, contact 55, conductor 63, motor 32, conductor 64, contact 65,. conductor 64 and contact 56, 52,.and 44 to the other side of battery over conductor 46 through relay 74- Motor 32 will rotate in a direction to vary the fuel supply in any well known manner and the rotation of both motorswill continue until contacts 51 and 52 are moved out of engage ment with contacts43 and 44at which time the armature circuits of both motors will be, broken.

While current flows in conductor 7 7a, 74 will be energized and will attract ture 73 to interrupt the energizing circuit of magnet 71 so that the correcting steps will be carried on without interruption by operation of the time control. After the interruption of the motor circuits, relay 74 deenergize and contacts 51 and 52 will be in engagement with contacts 55 and 56. Upon the next closure of switch'7 5, magnet 71, will energize interrupting contacts 65, and 78 and closing contacts 79 and 8 A circuit will thereupon be completed from battery to contact. 79, conductor 83, contact 55, contact 51, conductor 59, motor 5, conductor 60, contact 52, contact 56, conductor 84, and contact 80 to the other side of the battery. v

The current direction in this circuit will.

relay as such as to reverse the rotation of motor 5 52 causing and this rotation will continue until contacts 51 and 52 are disengaged from contacts 55 and 56 when the armature circuit will be broken andthe parts will be restored to zero or balanced position for the next correction. Time switch 75 is held closed a sulficient length of time to permit complete restoration of arms 49 and 50 to normal.

While it. is preferred to completely restore arms 49 and 50 to normal when time switch 75 is closed, it is possible to so operate the table 48 as to return the arms 49 and 50 to normal in a plurality of steps if desired, the essential principles of operation'andthe advantag'eous results obtained being unalfected by whether the arms 49 and 50 are returned to normal in one step or in a series of steps.

During the restoring movement, motor 32 cannot operate, as' its circuit is interrupted at contact when magnet 71 is actuated. If

motor 32 was not suflicient to restore the temperature to normal by the time motor 5 has completed its restoring movement and magnet '(1 has deenergized, arm 1 will have adjusted itself to the changed temperature and contacts 43 and 44 will engage contacts 51 and a repetition of the cycle of operations above set forth and further correction will occur. The cycles will be repeated until the further temperature is reached, when arm 1 will return to normal. r r

In a similar manner, if the temperature rises above the predetermined value, arm 1 will deflect to the left causing contacts43 and 44 to engage contacts 53 and 54. This will complete an energizing circuit over conductors 59 and 60 in a direction opposite to that closed over contacts 51 and 52 traced above and motor 5 will rotate arms 49 and 50 to the left causing engagement of contacts 53 and 54.with contacts 57 and 58. A circuit will now be. completed to 63 and 64 causing im'otorvv 32 to rotate in a direction to operate the valves to decrease the rate of fuel supply and'the temperature will accordingly drop. Rotation of motors 32 and 5 will continue until contacts 53 and 54 are disengaged from contacts 43 and 44' when the supply of energy from conductors 45 and 46 will be interrupted. As above set forth, relay74 will deenergize during this period permitting switch 75' to complete an energizing circuit for magnet 71 at the proper time. When magnet 71 ener'gizes a circuit. for motor 5 will closed from contacts 7 9 and 80 over conductors 83 and 84, contacts 57, 53,58 and 54 conductors and 55, and 44, 52,and 56. By these various combinations selective operations can be obtamed for controlling the valve controlling motor so as to vary the fuel supply in a manner to prevent hunting, by controlling not only in accordance with the deviations from normal but also in accordance with the direction of the fuel supply. I

As illustrated, motor 5 is operated by one combination of contacts and motor 32 and 5 by another. Althoughmotor 5 is shown as controlling only the arm 49 and 50, it is condition,

I ergy' control means, a deflecting member vaobvious that it could be operated to control the fuel supply valves in conjunction with motor 32. i I

This application is a division of my copending application, Serial No. 724,630, filed July I, 1924, for automatic analyzing and control systems and apparatus therefor.

"Although I have shown one preferred form of my invention, it is obvious that it has many other applications, as for example, pressure" control or any similar control of a and I do not intend to limit myself specifically to the 'above illustrated but only insofar as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In combination, a device to. be maintained at a predetermined temperature, en-

riably operated inaccordance with the variations of temperature of said device, electromagnetic means responsive to a deflection of said deflecting member for conditioning said energy control means for operation, and means operated by said electro-magnetic means and operating in conjunction with said deflecting member for controlling said energy control means.

- 2. Incombination, a deflecting member respo'nsive to variations of temperature from a means, said 'electro-magnetic means being predetermined temperature, energy control means, said deflecting member being normally ineffective to control said energy control.

means, electro-magnetic means operated in response to the deflection of said deflecting member for rendering said deflecting member effective to control said energy control thereafter operative in response to the deflection of the deflecting member for again rendering said deflecting member nonoperative.

Thus for example,

means and means operative in response to the operation of said deflecting member for rendering said deflecting member ineflect'ive to close said circuit when in its deflected position.

4. In combination, a' deflecting member, energy control means, said deflecting member being normally inefl'ective when deflected to control said energy control means, means operative in response to the deflection of said deflecting member for rendering said deflecting member effective to control said energy control means, periodically operated means for operating'said last mentioned means to again render said deflecting member ineflective said periodically operating means being rendered ineffective when saiddeflecting member is rendered effective.

5. In a control apparatus, a deflecting member comprising a pair of contacts, a control circuit including a pair of contacts and a pair of intermediate contacts disposed between said deflecting member contacts and said control circuit contacts, means operative in response to a deflection pf said deflecting member for moving said pa1r of contacts disposed between said deflecting member, and control contacts to bridge said deflecting member contacts andcontrol contacts, whereby said control circuit .is. operated in accordance with the extent of deflection of ,said deflecting member, said intermediate contacts upon further operation in response to the deflection of said deflecting member disengaging said deflecting member contacts from flecting member formoving said intermediate contacts to bridge the deflecting member contacts and said control contacts for an interval of'time and upon further movement of said intermediate member to disengage said contacts and means operative following the disengagement of said deflecting member 'contacts and said control contacts after engagement for moving said intermediate contacts back to their original position.

7. In a control system, a deflecting memberm control member arranged to be operated operated in response to the deflection of said deflecting member for rendering said deflectin accordance. with the extent of deflection of said eflecting member and means operative in response to the deflection of said defleeting member for first rendering said deflecting member eflective to operate said control andthereafter renderingsaid deflecting member ineffective. I

8.-If1 a control apparatus, a deflecting member, operated in accordance with the variations of temperature from a,predetermined temperature, said deflecting member upon deflection being ineffective and means ing member effective after an interval of time to perform control operations 1n accordance with the extent of deflection of said deflecting member, said means being operative after a further interval of time in accordance with the extent of deflection of said ,deflecting member for thereafter again rendering said deflecting member ineflective.

9. In combination, means responsive to a departure of a measifi'ablecondition from a predetermined value, a plurality of circuits, means for controlling certain of saidcircuits in accordance with the extent of departure of said condition from a predetermined-value,

means for controlling other of said circuits in accordance with the direction of change of said condition from or to said predeterniined value, and control mechanism operated in response to the combined effects of said circuits. L l p 10. In combination, means responsive to a departure of a measurablecondition from a predetermined value, a plurality of circuits, means for closing certain of said circuits in accordance with the extent of departure of said condition from a predetermined value,

7 means for controlling other of said circuits in accordance with the direction of change of said condition from or to said predetermined value and control mechanism operated in response to the combined efi'ects of said circuits. i

11. In combination, means responsive to the departure of a measurable condition from a predetermined value, a plurality of contacts, means for selectively closing certain of saidcontacts, in accordance with the de-' partur of said conditions from a predetermiiied value, said means being operated to,

selectively close other of said contacts in accordance with the direction of change of said condition, from or to said predetermined condition and control mechanism operated in response to the combined efi'ects of the contacts closed. 7

12. In combination, a' device to be main-- tained at a predetermined temperature, a defleeting member operated in accordance with variations in said temperature, a plurality of circuits, means including said deflecting meme ber for selectively operating said circuits in accordance with the direction of movement of the temperature from or toward a predetermined value and energy supply control means operated in accordance with the circuits operated for controlling the supplyof energ to said device to restore said device to said predetermined temperature value.

13. An automatic control system having a deflectable member, control elements actuable by said member, meansfor moving the elements to follow the deflections of the member upon such actuation, control effecting means operable by simultaneous coaction between the control efl'ecting means, the control elements and the member. 7

i 14. An automatic control system having a deflectable member, control elements actuable by said member, means operated by said actuation for moving the elements to follow the deflection of the member control eflecting means operable by simultaneous coaction between the control effecting means, the control elements and the member, the extent of operation of the control effecting means being in accordance with the extent of deflection of the member. a

15. An automatic control system having a deflectable member which normally occupies a neutral position, control effecting means operable by deflection of the member from neutral position, the extent of operation of the control effecting means being proportional to the deflection, means whereby the operation of the control effecting means by the member 100 duringmovement of the member toward neutral position is prevented, and additional 7 means for operating the control efl'ecting means so long as the member is ofl neutral.

16. An automatic control system having a 105 deflectable member which normally occupies a neutral position, control efl'ecting means operable by deflection of the member from neutral position, means whereby the operation of the control efl'ecting means by the member 110 during movement of the member toward neutral position is prevented, and means for operating the control efl'ecting means so long as the member is oil neutral.

17. A. control system having a movable in- 115 dex normally occupying a neutral position, first contacts enga'geable by the index, electrical means operated by engagement between the member and first contacts to move the first contacts to follow the index, second contacts engageable by the first contacts, a control effecting circuit energized only when the member, first contacts, and second contacts are in engagement. i

18. A control system having a movable index normally occupying a neutral position, first contacts engageable by the index, electri cal means operated byengagement between contacts to follow the index, second contacts engageable by the first contacts, a control effecting circuit energized only when the H member, first contacts, andsecond contacts are in engagement, and means intermittent 1y operating the electrical means to operate the index to neutral position so long as the first contacts and the second contacts are in engagement. 10 In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ARCHIBALD C. HARRISON. 

